Effective studying involves techniques that enhance memory retention, such as active recall and spaced repetition. Active recall encourages students to test themselves on the material instead of passively reading notes. This method strengthens memory pathways. Spaced repetition involves reviewing material over increasing intervals, which helps solidify knowledge better than cramming. Furthermore, sleep is vital for memory consolidation, as the brain organizes learned information during rest. Short, focused study sessions are more beneficial than long hours of study. By employing these strategies, students can study less while retaining more information.