This resets the UK patentability test for AI-related inventions by treating hardware-implemented neural networks as potentially patentable rather than excluded as “computer programs.” AI developers seeking UK protection can now structure filings around hardware implementation to clear the eligibility hurdle, increasing the value of UK-first patent strategies for ANN-based products. The UK Intellectual Property Office must re-evaluate the specific application under the clarified standard, creating a near-term decision point for similar pending or previously rejected filings.