Hydrogen

The contract establishes a long-term offtake that commits Numaligarh Refinery to source a fixed volume of low‑carbon hydrogen, reducing its ability to procure alternate fossil-based feedstocks. The project's requirement for round‑the‑clock renewable generation and storage creates an operational obligation for continuous low‑carbon hydrogen delivery.

Reliance Industries executed a binding Supply and Purchase Agreement to deliver green ammonia to Samsung C&T. The SPA covers a 15-year delivery period beginning in the second half of FY2029. The contract is valued at more than $3 billion. The agreement is described as among the largest binding long-term green ammonia offtake agreements and aligns with the National Green Hydrogen Mission.

Green ammonia qualifies only if total non-biogenic greenhouse-gas emissions from green hydrogen production through ammonia synthesis, purification, compression, and on-site storage are ≤0.38 kg CO₂e per kg NH₃, averaged over the preceding 12 months. Green methanol qualifies only if total non-biogenic greenhouse-gas emissions from green hydrogen production through methanol synthesis, purification, and on-site storage are ≤0.44 kg CO₂e per kg CH₃OH, averaged over the preceding 12 months. For green methanol, CO₂ may be sourced from biogenic sources, direct air capture, or existing industrial sources. MNRE can revise eligible CO₂ sources prospectively with grandfathering provisions. MNRE will issue a separate methodology for measurement, reporting, monitoring, on-site verification, and certification.

Global delays in clean-fuel mandates and postponed international decisions have weakened near-term hydrogen demand and led producers to extend project timelines to avoid oversupply. India now expects 3 million tons of capacity by the end of the decade and 5 million tons by 2032. The government plans to reduce the number of renewable auctions this fiscal year and is reviewing nearly 44 gigawatts of planned projects that lack offtake agreements, advising authorities to shelve projects deemed infeasible. Ports are in talks with Rotterdam and Antwerp to build green-energy shipping corridors, and the Solar Energy Corp. of India is considering aggregating shipping-company demand for green methanol.

The plant is sited next to a DRI steel facility in Vijayanagar, Karnataka and supplies green hydrogen directly to that unit. A seven‑year offtake agreement specifies 3,800 tonnes per annum (TPA) of green hydrogen and 30,000 TPA of green oxygen. The project is allocated under the SIGHT program with a 6,800 TPA hydrogen allocation and falls under Production Linked Incentive Scheme Tranche I. A Memorandum of Understanding commits to scale supply to 85,000–90,000 TPA hydrogen and 720,000 TPA oxygen by 2030. JSW Energy reports corporate targets including 30 GW generation and 40 GWh storage capacity by FY2030 and carbon neutrality by 2050.