Uncontacted Indigenous groups in Brazil and Peru face extinction due to illegal mining and weakened protections. This situation endangers both their survival and the Amazon's ecological health.

The NGO Survival International has released a report indicating that 196 uncontacted Indigenous groups across South America, Asia, and the Pacific are at risk of extinction, primarily due to industrial activities and illegal incursions. In Brazil and Peru, where 90% of these groups reside, weakened protections and increased threats from mining and logging have led to a critical situation. The Brazilian government’s policies, established in 1987 to protect these peoples, have been undermined, resulting in insufficient funding and staffing for the National Foundation for Indigenous Peoples (Funai). Recent legislative changes, such as the 'marco temporal' law, further threaten Indigenous land rights. In Peru, proposed laws could allow oil extraction in protected areas, putting isolated communities at even greater risk. The report calls for urgent action from both governments to fulfill their obligations to protect these vulnerable populations and their habitats.