Platforms operating in Australia must now enforce age-gating for under-16 users, creating immediate compliance and product-access constraints for that market. Spain and Slovenia’s moves pull forward planning for age-verification, parental-consent flows, and enforcement processes in Europe, with potential penalties and executive-liability exposure in Spain if its parallel accountability proposal advances. The spread of country-by-country rules increases operational fragmentation, forcing platforms to build jurisdiction-specific controls rather than relying on a single global policy.